The world is at a crossroads. The world population is increasing exponentially, giving rise to high demand for electricity. At the same time, the world is facing the devastating impact of climate change. It has become absolutely imperative to implement climate change solutions while providing electricity to meet the increasing demand of the population and the advancement in technology. Nigeria, as a third-world country, is particularly beleaguered by these issues. Though endowed with countless renewable and non-renewable sources of energy, limitations in various sectors of the economy prevent optimum electricity generation. The Nigerian power sector experiences many broad challenges related to electricity policy enforcement, regulatory uncertainty, gas supply, transmission system constraints, and significant power sector planning shortfalls [1]. These issues have greatly impeded the provision of constant electricity and have kept the sector from reaching commercial viability. Nuclear energy is a preferred solution to both problems, but it is not without its own challenges. This work seeks to examine nuclear energy, how it is generated, as well as the possibilities it offers in both electrical and non-electrical applications. It studies the advantages nuclear energy offers nations as well as the challenges it brings. This work also recognises the Nigerian government's attempts to introduce nuclear energy in Nigeria, the issues affecting its adoption and identifies the presence of a legal framework and policies regulating nuclear energy in Nigeria. It proffers recommendations for the successful adoption of nuclear energy in Nigeria.