This thesis, titled "Criminal Responsibility for Human Smuggling in Indonesia," addresses two primary research questions. First, the study identifies the causes of human smuggling in Indonesia. Second, it examines the forms of criminal responsibility for human smuggling activities. The research employs a normative approach with an in-depth analysis of relevant laws and regulations, judicial decisions, and pertinent legal literature.

The findings reveal that the causes of human smuggling in Indonesia include various factors such as economic issues like poverty and unemployment, social instability, and inadequate border control. Additionally, insufficient policy and law enforcement contribute to the high incidence of human smuggling.

Regarding criminal responsibility, the thesis outlines how Indonesian criminal law addresses human smuggling offenses. According to the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Law, perpetrators of human smuggling can face imprisonment, fines, and other penalties based on the severity of the crime.