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VOL. 7, ISSUE 4 (2025)
Public–Private Partnerships in India’s maritime sector: Legal structures and strategic impact on terminal supply chain efficiency
Authors
Anoop R Nambiar, Dr. Madhu Rani
Abstract
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a crucial strategy
for enhancing port infrastructure and operational efficiency in India's
maritime sector. This paper critically examines the legal structures
underpinning these partnerships and assesses their strategic impact on terminal
supply chain performance. The research employs a doctrinal legal methodology,
combining statutory analysis, case studies, and comparative policy review.
Findings reveal that while PPPs have contributed to infrastructure expansion
and private sector participation, the legal frameworks governing them remain
fragmented, inconsistent, and insufficiently responsive to operational
complexity. Concession agreements often lack clarity in risk allocation,
performance obligations, and dispute resolution, leading to variability in
legal interpretation, enforcement delays, and reduced contractual
predictability. These legal shortcomings directly impact terminal efficiency
metrics such as vessel turnaround time, cargo throughput, and logistics
coordination. Comparative insights from global best practices affirm the
importance of specialized legal codes, transparent regulatory regimes, and
integrated governance mechanisms in ensuring the success of port PPPs. The
paper concludes by recommending a sector-specific PPP law, standardized
concession agreements, a specialized maritime tribunal, strengthened
institutional capacity for legal oversight, regulatory convergence, and the
incorporation of dispute avoidance and adaptive legal clauses. These reforms
can transform India's maritime PPP framework from a generalist,
compliance-oriented model to a strategic, sector-responsive legal architecture
that drives long-term terminal efficiency and global competitiveness.
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Pages:135-141
How to cite this article:
Anoop R Nambiar, Dr. Madhu Rani "Public–Private Partnerships in India’s maritime sector: Legal structures and strategic impact on terminal supply chain efficiency". International Journal of Law, Policy and Social Review, Vol 7, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 135-141
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