The Great Nicobar Island Development project is the most ambitious infrastructure project by the Indian Government which envisages a trans-shipment port, an international airport, township development, and a 450 Megavolt-Amperes (MVA) gas and solar-based power plant along with strategic presence in the Indo-Pacific. However, constitutional concerns are propounded for its location in an ecologically fragile and seismically sensitive region. Existing scholarly engagement gravitates towards environmental and geopolitical dimensions, whereas constitutional analysis under Article 21 and India's environmental jurisprudence received scant attention.

This paper incorporates a doctrinal legal methodology, analyzing constitutional provisions, landmark Supreme Court precedents and publicly available policy documents related to the project. In this paper the key principles namely precautionary principle, sustainable development, inter-generational equity, and the public trust doctrine are scrutinized. 

The study finds that the current framework of the project exhibits insufficient compliance with constitutional safeguards, even though it pursues legitimate strategic and developmental objectives. The paper concludes that while not inherently unconstitutional the project fails to satisfy exacting constitutional standard in its current form, making stronger environmental and procedural safeguards indispensable.