The quality of education plays a fundamental role in human resource development, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. However, efforts to improve educational quality cannot solely focus on pedagogical aspects, as students’ health conditions and nutritional status also constitute important determining factors. This study aims to critically examine the effectiveness of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (Makan Bergizi Gratis/MBG) as a form of political commitment in improving educational quality in Indonesia. The research employs a qualitative approach using a library research design supported by public policy analysis. Data were collected from scientific journals, international institutional reports, government policy documents, and relevant academic publications related to school feeding programs and nutrition interventions.

The findings indicate that school feeding programs have significant potential to improve students’ concentration, attendance, learning motivation, and academic achievement. Nutritional interventions are also closely associated with the development of human capital and educational equity. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the MBG program is strongly influenced by policy implementation factors, including institutional capacity, governance quality, budget sustainability, infrastructure readiness, and monitoring systems. From a legal-politics perspective, the program reflects the state’s commitment to fulfilling citizens’ social rights in education and health sectors. However, the study also identifies challenges related to policy politicization, bureaucratic effectiveness, and the risk of implementation inefficiency. Therefore, strengthening regulations, improving inter-institutional coordination, and implementing evidence-based evaluation mechanisms are essential to ensure that the program contributes sustainably to educational quality and human resource development in Indonesia.